If immunity remains solely dependent on infection, even at a case fatality rate of 1%, more than 40 million people could succumb to COVID-19 globally 5.

It is estimated that until 60–70% of the population have immunity, COVID-19 is unlikely to be sufficiently well-controlled for normal human activities to resume. In the absence of a vaccine, public health measures such as quarantine of newly diagnosed cases, contact tracing, use of face masks and physical distancing have been put into place to reduce transmission 4. SARS-CoV-2 is the third novel Betacoronavirus in the past 20 years to cause substantial human disease however, unlike its predecessors SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted efficiently from person to person. Since its emergence in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has accounted for more than 30 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide in 9 months 3. Nature volume 586, pages 567–571 ( 2020) Cite this article SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness

Sequence of mrna